天体物理&宇宙学
书名: (德国)马克翰维 (Mukhanov.v.) _宇宙学的物理基础(经典英文物理教材系列)(Physical Foundations of COSMOLOGY)
内容简介
宇宙学是一门高度综合的学科,几乎涉及了理论物理学所有的领域,包括广义相对论、热力学及统计物理学、核物理、原子物理、运动论、粒子物理学及场论。本书作者是这一理论的创始人之一,他在本书中详细地阐述了现代宇宙学的物理基础以及由它导出的各种重要的理论结果。
本书作者为了使本书适用于大学生,尽力做到不要求读者具有任何特殊领域的预备知识。除了很少的实例外,本书所有的公式都是利用大学课程学过的基本物理学原理导出的。
This textbook is designed both for serious srudents of physics and astrophysics and for those with a particular interest in learnign about theoretical cosmology.There are already nany books that survey current observations and descrebe theoretical results; my goal is to complement the exiting literature and to show where the theoretical results come from.
书名:(美国)林肯 (Don Lincoln) 理解宇宙从夸克到宇宙学(英文影印版)(研究生前沿教材书系)Understanding the Universe:From Quarks to the Cosmos
内容简介:
《理解宇宙》作者Don Lincoln教授工作于当今能量最高的费密国立加速器实验室,他领导的顶级实验小组曾最早发现顶夸克。他擅长用通俗的比喻和插图讲述最前沿的科学发现,《理解宇宙》就是他在2003年写成的代表性著作之一。
《理解宇宙》阐述有趣的夸克和轻子的世界图景,解释操控它们行为的各种力。全书完全从实验物理学家的视角出发,舍弃数学的复杂性,集中讨论实验物理前沿和理论物理前沿如何同有趣的宇宙学领域联系在一起。亦即从高能物理实验的最新发现,追溯宇宙的大爆炸历史以及随后的物质演变规律。凡是有一定科学背景的学生都渴望弄清哪些是至今我们已经弄懂的(夸克,轻子和反物质),哪些是我们还没有弄清的(Higgs玻色子、中微子振荡、以及宇宙中反物质为什么这样少的原因),还有哪些仅仅只是梦寐以求的(超对称性、超弦及超维度)。全书共10章:1.宇宙学和原子世界的早期历史。2.粒子物理发展史。3.夸克和轻子,高能物理实验的研究成果。4.物质结合力。5.寻找Higgs玻色子,这是当今物理学领域费时费力的一项最前沿最巨大的工程。6.加速器及检测设备,这是其他书中从未见过的内容。7.宇宙创生的神秘性。8.21世纪物理学前沿的基础研究重点——反物质和暗能量。9.宇宙的毁灭和创生。10.我们为什么要这样研究。
这是一本有一定科学背景的学生都应当读且能读懂的关于21世纪热点科学的普及性著作。
作者简介:
Don Lincoln,美国费密国立加速器实验室(Ferm iNational Accelerator Laboratory)实验物理学家。
1964年出生,1993年获得Rice大学物理学博士学位,之后去密歇根大学作为研究员参加D实验。费密实验室和D实验室是当今世界上设施最好、研究人员最多的两家高能物理研究机构。1998年成为费密实验室的研究员。在D实验室研究期间,他主持了数百万美元的极高技术研究项目,正是这段时间,D实验和其姊妹实验一道,成功地发现了顶夸克。他又是一位多产的作者,单独或与人合作,发表学术论文120多篇,出版图书多种。他还热衷于作学术报告和科普讲座。他可以用形象的比喻和插图,将五花八门的前沿研究成果,说得使缺乏科学背景的听众着迷,他讲演的足迹遍布美洲、欧亚大陆等10多个国家,其中给普通大众就讲述了100多次。他还给实验室人员培训和讲课。他认为,作为一名实验物理学家,有必要与大众分享实验成功的喜悦,《理解宇宙——从夸克到宇宙学》就是这一宗旨的具体体现。
本书作者Don Lincoln教授工作于当今能量最高的费密国立加速器实验室,他领导的顶级实验小组曾最早发现顶夸克。他擅长用通俗的比喻和插图讲述最前沿的科学发现,本书就是他在2003年写成的代表性著作之一。
本书阐述有趣的夸克和轻子的世界图景,解释操控它们行为的各种力。全书完全从实验物理学家的视角出发,舍弃数学的复杂性,集中讨论实验物理前沿和理论物理前沿如何同有趣的宇宙学领域联系在一起。亦即从高能物理实验的最新发现,追溯宇宙的大爆炸历史以及随后的物质演变规律。凡是有一定科学背景的学生都渴望弄清哪些是至今我们已经弄懂的(夸克,轻子和反物质),哪些是我们还没有弄清的(Higgs玻色子、中微子振荡、以及宇宙中反物质为什么这样少的原因),还有哪些仅仅只是梦寐以求的(超对称性、超弦及超维度)。全书共10章:1.宇宙学和原子世界的早期历史。2.粒子物理发展史。3.夸克和轻子,高能物理实验的研究成果。4.物质结合力。5.寻找Higgs玻色子,这是当今物理学领域费时费力的一项最前沿最巨大的工程。6.加速器及检测设备,这是其他书中从未见过的内容。7.宇宙创生的神秘性。8.21世纪物理学前沿的基础研究重点——反物质和暗能量。9.宇宙的毁灭和创生。10.我们为什么要这样研究。
这是一本有一定科学背景的学生都应当读且能读懂的关于21世纪热点科学的普及性著作。
书名:(美)詹姆斯·宾尼 斯科特·特里梅因_星系动力学Galactic Dynamics (Princeton Series in Astrophysics)
内容简介:
夜晚的星空神秘莫测,那一个个的星系组成了蔚为壮观的宇宙,来自星空的秘密——《星系动力学》,让你体会到浪漫星空背后的无穷知识,本书由星系物理学的专家詹姆斯·宾尼、斯科特·特里梅因精心编著,内容包括势论、恒星轨道、无碰撞系统、盘动力学与旋涡结构性、恒星系统的碰撞和交会、动力论、星系中的恒星演化、暗物质等,并且将星系动力学看作为理论物理学的一个分支,用经典力学、天体力学、现代分析力学、流体力学、统计物理以及等学科方法来分析研究,是一部具有历史意义的天体物理学。
书名:(英国)Jonathan Tennyson_天体光谱学:天体光谱学的原子分子物理学导论(英文影印版)(研究生前沿教材书系)(Astronmical Spectroscopy An Introduction to the Atomic and Molecular Physics of Astronomical Spectra)
内容简介
人类所知的关于宇宙的几乎全部知识都是通过对来自天体的光的研究获得的。要了解这类光的信息,首先需要借助望远镜把光分解为不同的原色,同时还要知道原子分子的量子力学的详细知识,《天体光谱学》就是根据作者在伦敦大学学院(University College London)给学生讲授《天体光谱学》的讲稿基础上写成的。全书着重描述理解、解释天体光谱所必需的原子物理和分子物理基础知识。全书共10章,分别讲述天体光谱的记录、谱项的性质、原子氢、复杂原子、氦光谱、碱金属原子、星云的光谱、X射线谱、分子结构、分子光谱等。各章都有习题,书后附有习题解答。这是近年来出版的唯一一本兼顾天体物理研究和原子分子物理结构研究的教科书,不但适宜于高年级大学生和研究生用作教材,书中所列的大量文献也有利于相关专业的专家开展进一步的研究工作。
作者简介
Jonathan Tennyson
伦敦大学学院(University College London,UCL)教授,物理和天文系主任。1977年获剑桥King s College自然科学学士学位,1980年在导师John Murrel指导下,取得Sussex大学的理论化学(电子结构计算)博士学位。1980年至1982年,以皇家学会西欧交流会员的身份赴荷兰的Nijmegen大学作丰富多彩的博士后研究工作。1982年加入Dareshury实验室从事理论化学研究,1985年成为终身研究员。同年到UCL从事理论原子物理的研究工作,并成为“Blood讲师”。在UCL,作者发现自己不但成了物理学家,而且成了天文学家,1991年提升为高级讲师。1994年成为物理学教授。1991年至2004年担任原子、分子、光学、正电子课题组组长,2004年成为物理和天文系主任,2005年成为物理学Massey教授。
1989年以访问科学家身份到访以色列的Weizmann科学研究所,并讲学一个学期;1995年和1996年休假期间,以天体物理学家身份到美国HarvardˉSm ithsonian天文物理中心的原子和分子物理理论研究所工作9个月,到Colorado大学工作3个月。
作者的研究兴趣涉及小分子理论的各种专题,尤其专注于小分子的光谱计算,目前则专注于水分子的光谱,以及电子(正电子)同小分子的碰撞和碰撞过程在天文、大气科学中的应用。
书名:(英国)都德尔逊 (Scott Dodelson) _(现代宇宙学)MODERN COSMOLOGY.pdf
内容简介
《现代宇宙学》:现代观测技术正迅速革新我们对宇宙物理图像的认识。《现代宇宙学》系统地介绍了现代宇宙学的最新进展。从平坦均匀的宇宙(可以用弗里德曼—罗伯逊—沃克度规描述)开始,讲解了暗能量的处理过程,宇宙大爆炸的核合成,重组和暗物质,然后介绍了对平坦均匀宇宙的扰动:宇宙的演化和爱因斯坦—玻尔兹曼方程组,原始膨胀和现代宇宙的形成,以及观测结果如宇宙微波背景的各向异性,红移扭曲和弱透镜化现象等。《现代宇宙学》对宇宙微波背景的声学峰结构,以及用来探测原始引力波的偏振的E/B分解都有较详细的讨论,还包含了一个长的章节专门介绍对日益庞大的宇宙观测数据进行现代分析的技术。每章后都附有该章总结和相关文献。通过学习,读者可以获得从事现代宇宙学研究必须的知识和方法。
作者简介
Scott Dodelson:美国费米国家实验室理论天体物理研究组负责人和芝加哥大学天文和天体物理学系教授。在哥伦比亚大学获博士学位。进入费米国家实验室和芝加哥大学前在哈佛大学做研究员。在宇宙论方面发表了七十多篇论文,其中大部分是关于宇宙的微波背景和大尺度结构。
目次:标准模型及其它;平坦扩张的宇宙;远离平衡态;波尔兹曼方程;爱因斯坦方程;初始条件;多样性;各项异性;多样性的探测;弱透镜化和偏振;分析;附录A:部分习题解答;附录B:常数;附录C:特殊函数;附录D:符号;参考文献;索引。
读者对象:理论物理、天文物理和宇宙学等专业的高年级本科生、研究生和相关专业的科研人员。
书名:(俄罗斯)阿诺德 (Arnol'd.L.I)_经典力学与天体力学中的数学问题Mathematical Aspects of Classical and Celestial Mechanics (Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences)
内容简介
This work describes the fundamental principles, problems, and methods of classical mechanics. The main attention is devoted to the mathematical side of the subject. The authors have endeavored to give an exposition stressing the working apparatus of classical mechanics. The book is significantly expanded compared to the previous edition. The authors have added two chapters on the variational principles and methods of classical mechanics as well as on tensor invariants of equations of dynamics. Moreover, various other sections have been revised, added or expanded. The main purpose of the book is to acquaint the reader with classical mechanics as a whole, in both its classical and its contemporary aspects.The book addresses all mathematicians, physicists and engineers.
书名:作者美)加来道雄 (平行宇宙)Parallel Worlds:A Journey Through Creation, Higher Dimensions, and the Future of the Cosmos
内容简介
《平行宇宙》中,加来道雄博士以其无与伦比的解说才能,讲述了现代物理学得出的一种最令人难以置信、最激动人心的可能性,即,可能存在着广阔无垠的宇宙之网,里面排列着许多宇宙,也许是无穷多个宇宙,而我们这一宇宙只不过是其中之一。他运用生动巧妙的类比,幽默的语言,耐心地向读者介绍有关平行宇宙的种种话题,从量子力学、宇宙学,到最新出现的M-理论,一路娓娓道来。
作者简介
加来道雄(Michio Kaku)博士,美籍日裔人,纽约城市大学研究生中心的理论物理学教授,世界著各物理学家、著名的科学畅销书作者。他的著作都广受赞誉,《构想未来》、《超越爱因斯坦和超空间》、《平行宇宙》,均被《纽约时报》和《华盛顿邮报》提名为当年的最佳科学读物之一。他主持着一档全美国联网的科学广播节目,还在《晓闻热线》、《60分钟》、《早安美国》以及《拉里·金直播在线》之类的全美国性电视节目中亮相。
书名:(美)哈蒂_引力(AN INTRODUCTION TO EINSTEIN'S GENERAL RELATIVITY)
内容简介
Einstein的广义相对论是现代物理的基石。它包括了大量讲述时空的前沿话题,黑洞、重力波以及宇宙学。随着广义相对论越来越成为同时代物理和天文学的中心,其在本科教育中的地位也显得尤为重要。这本全新的教材很适合本科生作为了解该课程的基础理论。物理优先、数学理论尽可能少、大量的应用实例,作者为物理学家和对该学科感兴趣的读者自然顺畅的讲述了这门学科。
读者对象:
《引力》适用于物理专业的本科生,研究生以及对该学科感兴趣的广大读者。
目次:(第一部分)牛顿物理和狭义相对论中的时空:引力物理;几何作为物理;牛顿物理中的空间;时间和引力;狭义相对论原理;狭义相对论力学;
(第二部分)广义相对论的弯曲时空:引力作为几何;弯曲时空的描述;测地线;球形星体外的几何;广义相对论的太阳系检验;实用相对论引力;引力坍缩和黑洞;天体物理学黑洞;微小转动;旋转黑洞;引力波;宇宙观察;宇宙学模型;什么是宇宙以及为什么;
(第三部分)Einstein方程:数学部分;曲率和Einstein方程;曲率源;引力波发射;相对论星体。
书名:(英)史蒂芬·霍金 (南非)G·F·R·埃利斯等The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time时空的大尺度结构
作者简介
史蒂芬·霍金,英国皇家学会会员,剑桥大学卢卡斯数学教授。
媒体推荐
书评
这是高手写的杰作。
——《科学》
真是相对论当代进展的杰出经典。
——《当代物理》
内容简介
为了说明这些预言是如何产生的,作者全面论述了广义相对论。全书从精确的理论形式和必要的微分几何背景开始,讨论了时空曲率的意义,考察了爱因斯坦场方程的大量精确解的整体性质,发展了一般时空的因果结构理论,并用于黑洞的研究,证明了系列定理,确立了在_定条件下奇点是必然存在的。那些条件,在质量本于两倍太阳的恒晕的核演化末期,或宇宙整体在时间反演的意义上,都是成立的。在前一种情形,‘奇点出现在黑洞内部;在后一种情形,它就是我们过去的初始奇点。书中还讨论了广义相对论的Cauchy问题,具有很高的学术价值。
书名:Srivastava_Supersymmetry, Superfields and Supergravity_An Introduction超对称、超场和超引力:简介
内容简介:
A self-contained introduction to supersymmetry for graduate students, advanced undergraduates and research staff in mathematical, theoretical and high energy physics and related disciplines.
书名:新宇宙学—The New Cosmology
内容简介
This volume presents a comprehensive introduction to modern cosmology from an astrophysical viewpoint. Key features of the book are: breadth of topics covered, from quantum cosmology to recent observational advances; up-to-the-minute inclusion of many recent results, e.g. from the WMAP satellite; the level of the work, suited to both students and professionals in the field.
书名:关于圣经的天文学及其研究——The.Bible.and.Astronomy.-.an.Exposition.of.the.Biblical.Cosmology,.and.its.Relations.to.Natural.Scie
内容简介
19世纪的书,忘了哪找的了,有兴趣的下下来看看。
书名:Superstring Cosmology-超弦宇宙
内容简介
Aspects of superstring cosmology are reviewed with an emphasis on the cosmological implications of duality symmetries in the theory. The string effective actions are summarized and toroidal compactification to four dimensions reviewed. Global symmetries that arise in the compactification are discussed and the duality relationships between the string effective actions are then highlighted.
国内这方面的书不多,关于超弦的书几乎都是英文的。
书名:作者英国)安德鲁 (Andrew R.liddle) (英国)David H.lyth -宇宙膨胀和大尺度结构(经典英文物理教材系列)(Cosmological inflation and large-scale structure)
内容简介
《宇宙膨胀和大尺度结构》主要内容:The 1990s have seen substantial consolidation of theoretical cosmology, coupled with dramatic observational advances, including the emergence of an entirely new field of observational astronomy - the study of irregularities in the cosmic microwave background radiation. A key idea of modern cosmology is cosmological inflation, which is a possible theory for the origin of all structures in the Universe, including ourselves! The time is ripe for a new book describing this field of research.
书名:作者:Raine, Thoma(天文及天体物理系列丛书)-(宇宙学初论)An Introduction to the Science of Cosmology (Graduate Series in Astronomy)
内容简介
这本书是作者写给物理系本科生的教材,不需要读者有任何的天体物理基础。这本书所在的水平介于基础引论和高级专著之间。现在的学生对天文学充满了渴望却缺乏通俗的著作,我们的目标是尽可能的用物理知识把现代天文学展示给学生们,从此架起一条通往研究生路上的桥梁……
书名:Alexia E. Schulz--(关于暗能量的天体物理探索)Astrophysical Probes of Dark Energy
这本课件是从外国某网站上收集的一篇关于暗能量的论文报告,是好是坏大家看过才知道。
书名:天体物理方法--Astrophysical Techniques By C. R. Kitchin
内容简介
A comprehensive account of the modern instruments and techniques used in astronomy and astrophysics. Drawing together an ever-diverging array of observational techniques, using the common thread of detection-imaging-ancillary instruments pattern, the book provides a unified view of astrophysical investigation. The text starts form first principles and explains each method up to the point at which the reader can begin practical work with the equipment and even start designing it. Exercises with answers are used to reinforce the ideas presented in each chapter.
本书共5章24节,涵盖了全部电磁波谱、宇宙线、中微子和引力波等各类信息源的探测技术、成像技术和数据处理技术,提供了对现代天文学与天体物理学所用设备与方法的全面而准确的理解。许多新的设备和方法是第一次论述,并且删除了一些专业和业余天文学家多年不用的内容(除“照相乳胶”外)。本书以“探测—成像—辅助设备”的模式为主线,整合了一批曾有分歧的观测方法,给读者提供了一个当代天体物理研究的统一视角。每一种方法的解释都从基本原理出发,并附有插图,力图能对读者的实际工作有所帮助。每章都提供了附有答案的习题来增强概念理解。最后一章新增了网站、虚拟天文台和在线资源等内容。
本书可供天体物理专业及相关专业的科研工作者和研究生参考,也可供天文爱好者参考。
此书在卓越可以搜得到,只不过换了个封面。以上也有很多书可以在网上书店搜得到。
书名:PPT课件-(可观测的宇宙微波背景辐射)cosmic microwave background observables
内容简介
又是一个课件,这个是关于宇宙微波背景辐射的,需要的拿去吧!作者不详。
书名:James Rich_宇宙学基础——Fundamentals of Cosmology
内容简介
The book is aimed at astrophysics students and professional physicists who wish to understand the basics of cosmology and general relativity as well as the observational foundations of the LambdaCDM model of the Universe. The book provides a self-contained introduction to general relativity that is based on the homogeneity and isotropy of the local universe. The simplicity of this space allows general relativity to be presented in a very elementary manner while laying the foundation for the treatment of more complicated problems. The new edition presents the most recent observations, including those of CMB anisotropies by WMAP and of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations by SDSS. Future observational and theoretical challenges for the understanding of dark energy and dark matter are discussed.
书名:Li Zhi Fang,量子宇宙学 "Quantum Cosmology (World Scientific Advanced Series in Astrophysics and Cosmology, Vol 3) "
内容简介
The birth of the universe is a challenging problem for physicists. In the light of the
recent development of cosmology in the GUT epoch, the problem of how the universe emerged from Big Bang singularity can no longer be neglected. An important approach to this problem is the wave function proposal in which the universe would be completely self-contained without any singularities and without any edges.
The aim of this volume is to provide a detailed survey of quantum cosmology under
the scheme of the wave function proposal. The topics cover inflationary universe; quantum gravity; wave function of the universe; solution of toy models; and the consequences of quantum cosmology.
We would like to express our special thanks to Dr. Wu Zhong Chao for his valuable
suggestions.
天体测量&天体力学
书名:Celletti_(天体力学-行星的华尔兹)Celestial Mechanics-The Waltz of the Planets
内容简介
The common perception of Celestial Mechanics is that of a discipline which needs advanced mathematics and astronomy to be understood. Yet modern Celestial Mechanics has a rather different taste and a truly interdisciplinary nature. The number of celestial objects known to mankind has dramatically increased, the long-awaited presence of extrasolar planets has been eventually detected around other stars, spaceflight dynamics has brought new applications encompassing rocked dynamics, the place-in-orbit of artificial satellites and interplanetary mission design. Solar System exploration has grown as a long term strategy for the construction of a permanent base on the Moon and a manned mission to Mars.
The aim of the book is to show to the people at large, as well as to a more skilled audience, the many fascinating aspects of modern celestial mechanics. After giving to the reader the necessary technical tools needed for a basic understanding of the underlying physical phenomena (using only elementary mathematics), facts and figures are provided on historical events, modern discoveries and future applications. Contents are divided into major topics where the three "souls" of modern celestial mechanics (dynamical systems, Solar System & stellar systems, spaceflight dynamics) play a major role. As an example, spin-orbit resonances can be explained using fractional algebra and subsequently described in action as "cosmic spinning tops". Easily observable effects such as the existence of a "dark side of the Moon" (and of many other satellites) can be compared to the "complete synchronous rotation" achieved by a geostationary telecommunication satellite in order to be always in view of the receiving parabolas on the ground. On longer time scales, the consequences of spin-orbit interaction may dramatically change the evolution of a planet when chaos enters the scene and must be taken into account in searching habitable planets around other stars.
物理相关
书名:VICTOR G. SZEBEHELY ——(天体力学中的探索)ADVENTURES IN CELESTIAL MECHANICS
内容简介
A fascinating introduction to the basic principles of orbital mechanics
It has been three hundred years since Isaac Newton first formulated laws to explain the orbits of the Moon and the planets of our solar system. In so doing he laid the groundwork for modern science's understanding of the workings of the cosmos and helped pave the way to the age of space exploration.
Adventures in Celestial Mechanics offers students an enjoyable way to become acquainted with the basic principles involved in the motions of natural and human-made bodies in space. Packed with examples in which these principles are applied to everything from a falling stone to the Sun, from space probes to galaxies, this updated and revised Second Edition is an ideal introduction to celestial mechanics for students of astronomy, physics, and aerospace engineering. Other features that helped make the first edition of this book the text of choice in colleges and universities across North America include:
* Lively historical accounts of important discoveries in celestial mechanics and the men and women who made them
* Superb illustrations, photographs, charts, and tables
* Helpful chapter-end examples and problem sets
书名:爱因斯坦原著_相对论的意义(中译本,113页)
内容简介
《相对论的意义》作者以其特有的论述才能,精辟介绍了狭义相对论和广义相对论的基本内容,对相对论的成就及其发展中存在的关键问题进行了深入探讨。中译本忠实原文,使用现行规范的名词,对于所有对相对论以及物理学思想史有兴趣的读者,《相对论的意义》均有极大的启发价值,也是十分值得收藏的历史文献。
作者简介
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(Albert Einstein,1879年3月14日-1955年4月18日),举世闻名的美国物理学家,为犹太人,现代物理学的开创者和奠基人,相对论——“质能关系”的提出者,“决定论量子力学诠释”的捍卫者(振动的粒子)——不掷骰子的上帝。 1999年12月26日,爱因斯坦被美国《时代周刊》评选为“世纪伟人。”
书名:弗朗西斯等_数学物理学百科全书.Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics Classical Mechanics(前五卷)
丛书分卷
1、数学物理学导言
2、经典力学;流体动力学
3、可积系统;经典、共形与拓扑场论
4、规范场论;量子场论
5、广义相对论;量子引力;弦论和M-理论
6、凝聚态物质与光学;量子信息与量子计算;量子力学
7、无序系统;动力系统
8、平衡态统计力学;非平衡态统计力学
9、代数技巧;李群和李代数;离散数学;量子群;随机方法
10、复几何;微分几何;低维几何;非交换几何
11、代数拓扑;辛几何与拓扑;常微分和偏微分方程
12、泛函分析和算子代数;量子化方法和路径积分;变分技术
查看百度百科
内容简介
数学物理是一门较新的学科,它还没有被清晰地刻画,不同的人对它有不同的理解。在我们选择的题目中,一部分遵循了近期数学物理国际大会的纲要,但主要参照编辑顾问委员会和作者的提议。由于时间和空间的限制,以及我们自身的水平所限,更改了某些冗长的题目,但我们尽量收录了我们认为是核心的课题,尽量覆盖更多的最活跃的领域。
由于我们的课题是跨学科的,这部百科全书应当有某些特殊的特色。比如,同一数学理论应用到不同的物理问题时,会有不同的侧重点和处理方法。同样相同的物理题可以运用不同数学领域的方法。这就是为什么我们把百科全书成了两个广阔的部分:物理学课题和相关的数学课题。每一部分的文章允许与其他部分有相当的重复,放多文章会出现在多个标题下,不过它们都被精心制作的对照表联接起来。我们认为,这会给课题的整体性做出更好的描述,为来自广泛的相关领域的研究者提供更好的服务。
百科全书主要针对有经验的研究者,不过也会对初学的研究生有用。对于后者,我们收录了8篇初等的导论性文章,以便于参考,其中这文章是针对物理研究生的,物理文章是针对数学研究生的,这些文章可以作为他们在阅读主体文章前的准备,而不需要查阅其他资料。
本套书特色:
编纂队伍阵容强大——来30个国家的400多位物理学家和数学家,历时4年,倾力奉献。包括诺贝尔物理学奖获得者杨振宁教授和英国牛津大学RogerPenrose教授等。
按学科分支重新编排——共分12卷:数学物理导言1卷(含中文翻译),物理学方面7卷(卷2~卷8),数学方面4卷(卷9~卷12)。
内容新颖权威——400多篇图文并茂的综述性文章。内容全面系统。领域涵盖广泛,参考文献丰富,可全面了解数学物理基础知识、发展前沿以及核心课题。
适用范围广泛——适于物理学和数学领域的所有高等院校的广大师生和科研院所的研究人员及研究生参考使用。
书名:Guide to Mathematical Concepts of Quantum Theory量子力学中的数学概念
简介:
Quantum Theory is one of the pillars of modern science developed over the last hundred years. In this review paper the authors introduce, step by step, the quantum theory understood as a mathematical model describing quantum experiments. The goal is to give a mathematically clear and self-containing explanation of the main concepts of the modern language of quantum theory.
书名:R. Beig, Wien, Austria等-(关于量子力学的数学物理方法)Mathematical Physics of Quantum Mechanics: Selected and Refereed Lectures from QMath9
内容简介
QMath9 is a meeting for young scientists to learn about the state of the art in the Mathematical Physics of Quantum Systems. This selection of outstanding articles written in pedagocical style has six sections that cover new techniques and recent results on spectral theory, statistical mechanics, Bose-Einstein condensation, random operators, magnetic Schrödinger operators and much more. For postgraduate students this book can be used as a useful introduction to the research literature. For more expert researcher this book will be a concise and modern source of reference.
本书共分五部分:
Part I Quantum Dynamics and Spectral Theory(量子动力学与光谱理论)
Part II Quantum Field Theory and Statistical Mechanics(量子场论和统计力学)
Part III Quantum Kinetics and Bose-Einstein Condensation(量子动力学和玻色爱因斯坦凝聚理论)
Part IV Disordered Systems and Random Operators(无序系统和随机算子)
Part V Semiclassical Analysis and Quantum Chaos(半经典分析和量子混沌)
书名: 经典电动力学与相对论-Classical Electrodynamics and Theory of Relativity
内容简介
This book is a manual for the course of electrodynamics and theory of relativity. It is recommended primarily for students of mathematical departments. This defines its style: the author uses elements of vectorial and tensorial analysis, differential geometry, and theory of distributions in it.
翻译错误的地方敬请原谅,麻烦告诉我一声!
由于网络上的天体物理和宇宙学方面的资源匮乏,所以本人在网络上搜集了这方面的资料和大家共享,这次发布的资源中也有一部分物理方面的电子书。具体所发布书的价值大家可以去当当和亚马逊上面搜索便得到了,原版书都价值不菲。
本人正在考这方面的研究生,希望和大家能够相互交流。QQ:1378508224
目录:
Foreword by Professor Andrei Linde Preface
Acknowledgements
Units and conventions
Part I Homogeneous isotropic universe
1 Kinematics and dynamics of an expanding universe
1.1 Hubble law
1.2 Dynamics of dust in Newtonian cosmology
1.2.1 Continuity equation
1.2.2 Acceleration equation
1.2.3 Newtonian solutions
1.3 From Newtonian to relativistic cosmology
l'Foreword by Professor Andrei Linde Preface
Acknowledgements
Units and conventions
Part I Homogeneous isotropic universe
1 Kinematics and dynamics of an expanding universe
1.1 Hubble law
1.2 Dynamics of dust in Newtonian cosmology
1.2.1 Continuity equation
1.2.2 Acceleration equation
1.2.3 Newtonian solutions
1.3 From Newtonian to relativistic cosmology
1.3.1 Geometry of an homogeneous,isotropic space
1.3.2 The Einstein equations and cosmic evolution
1.3.3 Friedmann equations
1.3.4 Conformal time and relativistic solutions
1.3.5 Milne universe
1.3.6 De Sitter universe
2 Propagation of light and horizons
2.1 Light geodesics
2.2 Horizons
2.3 Conformal diagrams
2.4 Redshifl
2.4.1 Redshifl as a measure of time and distance
2.5 Kinematic tests
2.5.1 Angular diameter-redshift relation
2.5.2 Luminosity—redshifl relation
2.5.3 Number counts
2.5.4 Redshift evolution
3 The hot universe
3.1 The composition of the universe
3.2 Brief thermal history
3.3 Rudiments of thermodynamics
3.3.1 Maximal entropy state,thermal spectrum, conservation laws and chemical potentials
3.3.2 Energy density,pressure and the equation of state
3.3.3 Calculating integrals
3.3.4 Ultra—relativistic particles
3.3.5 Nonrelativistic particles
3.4 Lepton era
3.4.1 ChemicaI potentials
3.4.2 Neutrino decoupling and electrOn—pOsitrOn annihilation
3.5 NucleOsvnthesis
3.5.1 Freeze—OUt of neutrons
3.5.2“Deuterium bottleneck”
3.5.3 Helium一4
3.5.4 Deuterium
3.5.5 The other light elements
3.6 Recombination
3.6.1 Helium recombination
3.6.2 Hydrogen recombination:equilibrium consideration
3.6.3 Hydrogen recombination:the kinetic approach
4 The very early universe
4.1 Basics
4.1.1 Local gauge invariance
4.1.2 Non—Abelian gauge theories
4.2 Quantum chromodynamics and quark-gluon plasma
4.2.1 Running coupling constant and asymptotic freedom
4.2.2 Cosmological quark-gluon phase transition
4.3 Electroweak theory
4.3.1 Fermion content
4.3.2“Spontaneous breaking”of U(1)symmetry
4.3.3 Gauge bosons
4.3.4 Fermion interactions
4.3.5 Fermion masses
4.3.6 CP violation
4.4 “Symmetry restoration”and phase transitions
4.4.1 Effective potential
4.4.2 U(l)model
4.4.3 Symmetry restoration at high temperature
4.4.4 Phase transitions
4.4.5 Electroweak phase transition
4.5 Instantons.sphalerons and the early universe
4.5.1 Particle escape from a potential well
4.5.2 Decay of the metastable vacuum
4.5.3 The vacuum structure of gauge theories
4.5.4 Chiral anomaly and nonconservation of the fermion number
4.6 Beyond the Standard Model
4.6.1 Dark matter candidates
4.6.2 Baryogenesis
4.6.3 Topological defects
5 Inflation I:homogeneous limit
5.1 Problem of initial conditions
5.2 Inflation:main idea
5.3 How can gravity become“repulsive”?
5.4 How to realize the equation of state P≈一#####
5.4.1 Simple example:V=m2#4#####
5.4.2 General potential:slow—roll approximation
5.5 Preheating and reheating
5.5.1 Elementary theory
5.5.2 Narrow resonance
5.5.3 Broad resonance
5.5.4 Implications
5.6 “Menu”of scenarios
Part II Inhomogeneous universe
6 Gravitational instability in Newtonian theory
6.1 Basic equations
6.2 Jeans theory
6.2.1 Adiabatic perturbations
6.2.2 Vector perturbations
6.2.3 Entropy perturbations
6.3 Instability in an expanding universe
6.3.1 Adiabatic perturbations
6.3.2 Vector perturbations
6.3.3 Self-similar solution
6.3.4 Cold matter in the presence of radiation or dark energy
6.4 Beyond linear approximation
6.4.1 Tolman solution
6.4.2 Zel’dovich solution
6.4.3 Cosmic web
7 Gravitational instability in General Relativity
7.1 Perturbations and gauge—invariant variables
7.1.1 Classification of perturbations
7.1.2 Gauge transformations and gauge—invariant variables
7.1.3 COOrdinate systems
7.2 Equations for cosmological perturbations
7.3 Hydrodynamical perturbations
7.3.1 Scalar perturbations
7.3.2 Vector and tensor perturbations
7.4 Baryon-radiation plasma and cold dark matter
7.4.1 Equations
7.4.2 Evolution of perturbations and transfer functions
8 Inflation II:origin of the primordial inhomogeneities
8.1 Characterizing perturbations
8.2 Perturbations on inflation(slow—roll approximation)
8.2.1 Inside the Hubble scale
8.2.2 The spectrum of generated perturbations
8.2.3 Why dO we need inflation?
8.3 Quantum cosmological perturbations
8.3.1 Equations
8.3.2 Classical solutions
8.3.3 Quantizing perturbations
8.4 Gravitationa waves from inflation
8.5 Self_reDroductiOn of the universe
8.6 Infation as a theory with predictive power
9 Cosmic microwave background anisotropies
9.1 Basics
9.2 Sachs-Wolfe eflfect
9.3 Initial conditions
9.4 Correlation function and multipoles
9.5 Anisotropies on large angular scales
9.6 Delayed recombination and the finite thickness effect
9.7 Anisotropies on small angular scales
9.7.1 Transfer functions
9.7.2 Multipole moments
9.7.3 Parameters
9.7.4 Calculating the spectrum
9.8 Determining cosmic parameters
9.9 Gravitational waves
9.10 Polarization of the cosmic microwave background
9.10.1 Polarization tensor
9.10.2 Thomson scattering and polarization
9.10.3 Delayed recombination and polarization
9.10.4 E and B polarization modes and correlation functions
9.1l Reionization
Bibliography
Expanding universe(Chapters 1 and 2)
Hot universe and nucleosvnthesis(Chapter 3)
Particle physics and early universe(Chapter 4)
Inflation (Chapters 5 and 8)
Gravitational instability(Chapters 6 and 7)
CMB fluctuations(Chapter 9)
lndex
3.1 Geometry of an homogeneous,isotropic space
1.3.2 The Einstein equations and cosmic evolution
1.3.3 Friedmann equations
1.3.4 Conformal time and relativistic solutions
1.3.5 Milne universe
1.3.6 De Sitter universe
2 Propagation of light and horizons
2.1 Light geodesics
2.2 Horizons
2.3 Conformal diagrams
2.4 Redshifl
2.4.1 Redshifl as a measure of time and distance
2.5 Kinematic tests
2.5.1 Angular diameter-redshift relation
2.5.2 Luminosity—redshifl relation
2.5.3 Number counts
2.5.4 Redshift evolution
3 The hot universe
3.1 The composition of the universe
3.2 Brief thermal history
3.3 Rudiments of thermodynamics
3.3.1 Maximal entropy state,thermal spectrum, conservation laws and chemical potentials
3.3.2 Energy density,pressure and the equation of state
3.3.3 Calculating integrals
3.3.4 Ultra—relativistic particles
3.3.5 Nonrelativistic particles
3.4 Lepton era
3.4.1 ChemicaI potentials
3.4.2 Neutrino decoupling and electrOn—pOsitrOn annihilation
3.5 NucleOsvnthesis
3.5.1 Freeze—OUt of neutrons
3.5.2“Deuterium bottleneck”
3.5.3 Helium一4
3.5.4 Deuterium
3.5.5 The other light elements
3.6 Recombination
3.6.1 Helium recombination
3.6.2 Hydrogen recombination:equilibrium consideration
3.6.3 Hydrogen recombination:the kinetic approach
4 The very early universe
4.1 Basics
4.1.1 Local gauge invariance
4.1.2 Non—Abelian gauge theories
4.2 Quantum chromodynamics and quark-gluon plasma
4.2.1 Running coupling constant and asymptotic freedom
4.2.2 Cosmological quark-gluon phase transition
4.3 Electroweak theory
4.3.1 Fermion content
4.3.2“Spontaneous breaking”of U(1)symmetry
4.3.3 Gauge bosons
4.3.4 Fermion interactions
4.3.5 Fermion masses
4.3.6 CP violation
4.4 “Symmetry restoration”and phase transitions
4.4.1 Effective potential
4.4.2 U(l)model
4.4.3 Symmetry restoration at high temperature
4.4.4 Phase transitions
4.4.5 Electroweak phase transition
4.5 Instantons.sphalerons and the early universe
4.5.1 Particle escape from a potential well
4.5.2 Decay of the metastable vacuum
4.5.3 The vacuum structure of gauge theories
4.5.4 Chiral anomaly and nonconservation of the fermion number
4.6 Beyond the Standard Model
4.6.1 Dark matter candidates
4.6.2 Baryogenesis
4.6.3 Topological defects
5 Inflation I:homogeneous limit
5.1 Problem of initial conditions
5.2 Inflation:main idea
5.3 How can gravity become“repulsive”?
5.4 How to realize the equation of state P≈一#####
5.4.1 Simple example:V=m2#4#####
5.4.2 General potential:slow—roll approximation
5.5 Preheating and reheating
5.5.1 Elementary theory
5.5.2 Narrow resonance
5.5.3 Broad resonance
5.5.4 Implications
5.6 “Menu”of scenarios
Part II Inhomogeneous universe
6 Gravitational instability in Newtonian theory
6.1 Basic equations
6.2 Jeans theory
6.2.1 Adiabatic perturbations
6.2.2 Vector perturbations
6.2.3 Entropy perturbations
6.3 Instability in an expanding universe
6.3.1 Adiabatic perturbations
6.3.2 Vector perturbations
6.3.3 Self-similar solution
6.3.4 Cold matter in the presence of radiation or dark energy
6.4 Beyond linear approximation
6.4.1 Tolman solution
6.4.2 Zel’dovich solution
6.4.3 Cosmic web
7 Gravitational instability in General Relativity
7.1 Perturbations and gauge—invariant variables
7.1.1 Classification of perturbations
7.1.2 Gauge transformations and gauge—invariant variables
7.1.3 COOrdinate systems
7.2 Equations for cosmological perturbations
7.3 Hydrodynamical perturbations
7.3.1 Scalar perturbations
7.3.2 Vector and tensor perturbations
7.4 Baryon-radiation plasma and cold dark matter
7.4.1 Equations
7.4.2 Evolution of perturbations and transfer functions
8 Inflation II:origin of the primordial inhomogeneities
8.1 Characterizing perturbations
8.2 Perturbations on inflation(slow—roll approximation)
8.2.1 Inside the Hubble scale
8.2.2 The spectrum of generated perturbations
8.2.3 Why dO we need inflation?
8.3 Quantum cosmological perturbations
8.3.1 Equations
8.3.2 Classical solutions
8.3.3 Quantizing perturbations
8.4 Gravitationa waves from inflation
8.5 Self_reDroductiOn of the universe
8.6 Infation as a theory with predictive power
9 Cosmic microwave background anisotropies
9.1 Basics
9.2 Sachs-Wolfe eflfect
9.3 Initial conditions
9.4 Correlation function and multipoles
9.5 Anisotropies on large angular scales
9.6 Delayed recombination and the finite thickness effect
9.7 Anisotropies on small angular scales
9.7.1 Transfer functions
9.7.2 Multipole moments
9.7.3 Parameters
9.7.4 Calculating the spectrum
9.8 Determining cosmic parameters
9.9 Gravitational waves
9.10 Polarization of the cosmic microwave background
9.10.1 Polarization tensor
9.10.2 Thomson scattering and polarization
9.10.3 Delayed recombination and polarization
9.10.4 E and B polarization modes and correlation functions
9.1l Reionization
Bibliography
Expanding universe(Chapters 1 and 2)
Hot universe and nucleosvnthesis(Chapter 3)
Particle physics and early universe(Chapter 4)
Inflation (Chapters 5 and 8)
Gravitational instability(Chapters 6 and 7)
CMB fluctuations(Chapter 9)
lndex
……