《诗词话趣》[PDF]

◎译　　名　
◎原　　名　诗词话趣
◎作　　者　宋效永 宋立诚
◎译　　者　
◎出版时间　2004
◎国　　家　中国
◎类　　别　
◎版　　本　文字版
◎语　　言　简体中文
◎文件格式　PDF
◎文件大小　4.2MB
◎页　　码　254页
◎ＩＳＢＮ　7101039871

文字版基本上与实体书一一对应。达到出版级别。

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出版项：
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古典诗词漫话
诗　词　话　趣
宋效永　宋立诚　著

中华书局出版发行
（北京市丰台区太平桥西里38号　100073）
北京市白帆印务有限公司印刷
*
787×1092毫米 1/32·8½印张·152千字
2004年1月第1版　　2004年1月北京第1次印刷
印数：1－4000册　　定价：15.00元
ISBN 7－101－03987－1/I·513

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出版说明

《古典诗词漫话》是一套文化类普及读物，共15种，每
种一个专题，它起自先秦的《诗经》 ，终于晚清的龚自珍，是
有着一个大致的脉络的。
诗词是中国文学长久以来的骄傲，谈诗论词的专著、论
文数不胜数。这套书所以采用漫话的形式，是为着读者接
受的方便。每个时代的读者，理解自己时代的作品，除特殊
情况外，大都不存在什么困难。而时代相隔，理解起来似乎
就有些滞碍。时代距离愈远，理解起来困难也就愈大。理
解的隔膜源自于生活的隔膜。
诗词也是如此。历史上桑间濮上的谣咏，文会燕集中
的歌吟，都是新鲜生动、荡人情思的。但隔着百年乃至千年
的时光，失却了读者与作品的直接交流，她的生气愈来愈微
弱，影响也就越来越衰减。等到变成人人敬而远之的“古
典”，她的天生丽质和勃勃生气已经被时间织就的蛛网遮盖
住了。要恢复她的生气，就要拭去这层蛛网，使我们能直接
面对她的本来面目，乐于和她做朋友。久而久之，就会从这
位韵致高雅的朋友身上得到原来意想不到的好的影响。
像这样的工作，港台称之为“古典的现代化”；大陆原来

称为“鉴赏”，近年也逐渐袭用港台的说法。做这样的工作，
高头讲章固不可废，但形式灵活、内容风趣生动的随笔似更
相宜。本套丛书就具有这样的特点。它用漫话的形式，将
诗人的生命历程、作品的内涵与诗艺表现作为叙述重点，着
重艺术性、故事性和趣味性。每一本都包括四五十篇短文，
每篇处理一首诗，或一个特定事件。各篇分读可以体味作
品的精华，合观则可得诗人的身世与人格。举凡诗人轶事，
诗作赏析，均能深入浅出，雅俗兼顾。既是非常好的文化小
品，也是学术小品，很适合中等文化程度的读者阅读。
这套书先在香港出版，原名“诗词坊”，香港中华书局的
同人为使丛书更具吸引力，在版式和插图上动了不少脑筋。
既而引入台湾地区，也大受欢迎，在学林颇获好评。现在，
蒙作者及香港中华书局慨允，我们对原作略加修订，并保留
了部分插图，重新出版。像这样的一套小丛书，能在两岸三
地出版，本身已经证明了它的价值。
最后，向这套丛书的作者和香港中华书局同人表示谢
意，也希望读者多提宝贵意见，以便我们今后把“古典的现
代化”工作做得更好。

中华书局编辑部
2003年6月

-----------
前 言

中国是一个诗的国度，而中国古典诗词则是一个伟大
的宝库。它五彩缤纷，色彩斑斓，包罗万象，其中丰富的作
品犹如春之牡丹，夏之芙蓉，秋之海棠，冬之腊梅。它们时
时争奇斗艳，散发着诱人的芬芳，也呈现着多姿的绚丽。它
是人们陶冶情操的佳品，提高艺术修养的门径；是创作素材
的有益源泉，也是创作经验的良好借鉴。正是在这个意义
上，它滋润着一代又一代诗人、艺术家；也正是在这个意义
上，它才具有永久不朽的魅力。
和中国古典诗词的绚烂多彩一样，中国古代诗词作者
的创作也是异态纷呈，各有蹊径。他们有的对客挥毫，才思
敏捷，有的濡墨腐毫，难以落笔；有的将家人驱走，抱被独
卧，辛苦构思，有的斗酒助兴，挥毫飘逸，恣态潇洒；有的踏
破铁鞋，饱览山川，得山川之灵气，有的则下帷斗室，缜密构
思，一语惊人；有的诗词成于青楼歌坛之上，有的则成于诗
友兴会、留连风月之中。了解中国古代文人的这些创作故

事，非但可以了解这些诗词写作的背景，同时也可以加深对
其作品的理解。而这一点，也恰是古典诗词爱好者，学习者
所乐于知道的。这也是这本小书所本的一个目的。
作者本身的期望还不止此，更希望这书能为读者带来
如下几方面的收益：一是通过阅读这些创作故事，产生或加
深对古典诗词的兴趣；二是通过阅读这些创作故事，了解中
国古代文人的生活，了解他们各自独特的精神风貌，如他们
有的诙谐，有的幽默，有的极富艺术修养，运用诗词形式极
为娴熟，信手拈来，皆成佳作；有的创作灵感勃发则依赖于
某一特有契机；三是这些创作故事，一般都引申出了一个文
艺理论观点，一个文艺理论问题，而这一点，对广大文学创
作者、爱好者则又是极为有益的。
当然，如果读者的收获不仅于此，更能得到些“题外之
旨” ，那便是作者更为期望的了。

感谢 观者 制作。

前言·························································································1
谢灵运的“神助”··································································1
武人弄笔的启示······································································4
骆宾王巧助宋之问··································································6
王维诗救卖饼妻····································································10
《滕王阁序》有神助····························································13
短袍藏诗结姻缘····································································18
汪遵的三首咏屈诗································································20
白居易诗误佳人····································································22
白居易善全诗名····································································27
画眉深浅入时无····································································31
孟郊的“得意”与失意························································33
趁韵诗人权龙褒····································································37
“龟”形诗与盼夫“归”····················································40
杜牧寻芳到已迟····································································42

王毂歌诗退无赖····································································46
李小姐慧眼识才郎································································49
刘氏的两首劝夫诗································································51
李煜等的三首《虞美人》····················································54
徐德言破镜重圆····································································57
陶縠的《春光好》与女间谍················································60
柳永因词谒孙何····································································63
柳永情恋谢天香····································································66
张先的游戏词与晏殊的真感情·············································70
文人的创作传统与通俗歌曲················································73
晏殊鉴赏的收益····································································77
宋子京“蓬山”不远····························································80
魏野题诗惊添苏····································································83
欧阳修的终身之恨································································86
欧阳修一日千里····································································89
诗穷而工与隐而工································································93
欧阳修的“近视眼”····························································97
欧阳修忆旧与妓女祝寿························································99
姚嗣宗计遣诗叟··································································102
蔡挺玉关人老······································································104
欧阳修的马屁······································································107
张才翁巧化春游词······························································110
苏轼悲秋与朝云伤春··························································112
到底为谁洗恶诗··································································115
苏轼的中秋词······································································118

东坡词得夫人助··································································121
曲终人不见，江上数峰青··················································124
苏轼与参寥··········································································128
这次还了相思债··································································132
鉴赏的失误与非音乐的耳朵··············································134
苏轼失踪与徐君猷过敏······················································138
琴操问对悟为尼··································································141
田歌自古非知田··································································145
苏轼为妓脱籍······································································148
黄庭坚俚语却知音······························································150
苏门的“家教”··································································152
黄庭坚老年多情··································································155
《临江仙》少游独冠··························································159
败诗思与续诗······································································161
张耒的两首赠妓词······························································163
万里云帆昨日到··································································166
挥毫当得江山助··································································170
韩丞相词情动神宗······························································174
对境法与本文批评······························································177
让你归去做新郎··································································180
韦诗黄书江神爱··································································183
贾娉娉巧集唐句··································································186
蔡京的临终悔恨词······························································189
妓女苏琼与权奸蔡京··························································191
宋高宗的眼力······································································193

徽宗父子的唱和词······························································195
周邦彦因词沉浮··································································197
姜白石泛舟巢湖··································································200
侯蒙的风筝词······································································203
姜夔词撩妇人心··································································205
王彦龄智辩《望江南》······················································207
《醉花阴》五十比一··························································209
朱熹与军营妓女严蕊··························································212
胡铨一词贬海南··································································216
“无情”不怪桥头柳··························································218
身边少个人儿睡··································································220
聂胜琼《鹧鸪天》消醋意··················································222
长公主因词感疾··································································225
海誓山盟字字真··································································227
洪迈的“掉头”与“摆头”··············································230
贾似道蠢昧醉“半闲”······················································234
移巢别处觅雕梁··································································237
花看人采方知惜··································································239
张县令趣赏吴沆诗······························································242
诗词创作的精神气候··························································246
和珅与阮元的眼镜诗··························································251
袁枚的困窘··········································································253