Introduction to the CD-ROM Edition
The ARRL Handbook For Radio Communications
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目录:
Chapter 1 — What is Amateur (Ham) Radio?
Hobby of Diversities .................................................. 1.2
Your License ............................................................... 1.3
US Amateur Bands ..................................................... 1.4
Ham Radio Action ...................................................... 1.5
Getting Started............................................................ 1.7
Governing Regulations ............................................ 1.11
Resources .................................................................. 1.15
Glossary ..................................................................... 1.16
Chapter 2 — Activities in Amateur Radio
Awards ......................................................................... 2.1
Contests ....................................................................... 2.2
Nets .............................................................................. 2.3
Amateur Radio Education ......................................... 2.4
Emergency Communications .................................... 2.4
Specialized Communications.................................... 2.6
Chapter 3 — Safety
Antenna and Tower Safety ........................................ 3.1
Power Lines................................................................. 3.2
Electrical Wiring around the Shack ......................... 3.3
Lightning/Transient Protection ................................ 3.5
Grounds........................................................................ 3.7
Project: An Earth-Continuity Tester ....................... 3.9
Station Power ............................................................ 3.11
FCC RF-Exposure Regulations ............................... 3.12
Safe Homebrewing ................................................... 3.14
RF Radiation and EMF Safety ................................ 3.15
Other Hazards in the Ham Shack ........................... 3.19
Chapter 4 — Electrical Fundamentals
DC Circuits and Resistance....................................... 4.1
Series and Parallel Resistances ................................ 4.3
Power and Energy ....................................................... 4.6
Circuits and Components .......................................... 4.8
AC Theory and Reactance ....................................... 4.11
Frequency and Period .............................................. 4.13
Capacitance and Capacitors .................................... 4.18
Inductance and Inductors ........................................ 4.25
Quality Factor (Q) of Components......................... 4.32
Calculating Practical Inductors .............................. 4.32
Ohm’s Law for Reactance ....................................... 4.37
Impedance ................................................................. 4.42
Resonant Circuits ..................................................... 4.47
Transformers ............................................................. 4.54
Chapter 5 — Electrical Signals and Components
Analog Glossary ......................................................... 5.1
Analog Signal Processing .......................................... 5.2
Analog Devices ........................................................... 5.6
Practical Semiconductors ........................................ 5.17
Transistor Amplifier Design ................................... 5.26
Digital Fundamentals............................................... 5.38
Number Systems ....................................................... 5.39
Physical Rep. of Binary States ............................... 5.41
Combinational Logic ............................................... 5.42
Sequential Logic ....................................................... 5.45
Digital Integrated Circuits ...................................... 5.51
Computer Hardware ................................................. 5.58
Chapter 6 — Real-World Component Characteristics
Lumped vs Distributed Elements ............................. 6.1
Low-Frequency Component Models ........................ 6.2
Components at RF .................................................... 6.10
Thermal Considerations .......................................... 6.16
The Thermistor in Homebrew Projects ................. 6.20
Low-Frequency Transistor Models ........................ 6.23
Chapter 7 — Component Data and References
Component Values ..................................................... 7.1
Component Markings................................................. 7.1
Inductors and Core Materials ................................... 7.5
Other Sources of Component Data ......................... 7.11
Semiconductors ........................................................ 7.15
Integrated Circuits ................................................... 7.28
Vacuum Tubes .......................................................... 7.32
Other .......................................................................... 7.36
References ................................................................. 7.38
General/Electronics/Computers ............................. 7.38
Components/Equipment .......................................... 7.45
Antennas/Transmission Lines ................................. 7.46
Modes ........................................................................ 7.50
Operating and Interference ..................................... 7.52
Message Handling .................................................... 7.63
Chapter 8 — Circuit Construction
Shop Safety ................................................................. 8.1
Tools and their Uses .................................................. 8.1
Project: A Deluxe Soldering Station ....................... 8.6
Project: Soldering-Iron Temperature Control ........ 8.7
Electronic Circuits ..................................................... 8.7
Surface Mount Construction Techniques .............. 8.12
From Schematic to Working Circuit...................... 8.18
Microwave Construction Techniques .................... 8.22
High-Voltage Techniques ........................................ 8.23
Mechanical Fabrication ........................................... 8.25
Chapter 9 — Modes and Modulation Sources
Issues Common to all Transmission Modes ........... 9.1
Voice Modes ............................................................... 9.2
Text Modes ............................................................... 9.11
Morse Telegraphy (CW) .......................................... 9.11
Digital Communications ......................................... 9.15
Image Modes............................................................. 9.32
Facsimile ................................................................... 9.32
Slow-Scan Television (SSTV) ................................ 9.34
Fast-Scan Television (ATV) ................................... 9.40
Radio Control (R/C) ................................................. 9.48
Spread Spectrum ...................................................... 9.51
High Speed Multimedia (HSMM) Radio............... 9.55
Chapter 10 — Oscillators and Synthesizers
How Oscillators Work ........................................................ 10.2
Phase Noise .......................................................................... 10.5
Oscillator Circuits and Construction ..............................10.12
VHF and UHF Oscillators ................................................10.28
Frequency Synthesizers ....................................................10.32
Phase-Locked Loops .........................................................10.33
Synthesizer in an MF/HF Transceiver ............................10.49
Trends in Oscillator Applications ...................................10.52
Chapter 11 — Mixers, Modulators and Demodulators
The Mechanism of Mixers and Mixing ............................ 11.1
Practical Building Blocks ................................................11.13
Testing and Calculating IMD in Receivers ....................11.20
Chapter 12 — RF and AF Filters
Basic Concepts..................................................................... 12.1
Filter Synthesis .................................................................... 12.5
Designs using Software/SVC Tables ................................ 12.8
Chebyshev Filter Design ..................................................12.11
Quartz Crystal Filters .......................................................12.16
Monolithic Crystal Filters ................................................12.18
SAW Filters .......................................................................12.18
Transmission-Line Filters ................................................12.19
Helical Resonators ............................................................12.23
Active Filters .....................................................................12.27
Project: Crystal Filter Evaluation ...................................12.27
Project: Band-Pass Filters for 144 or 222 MHz ............12.30
Project: High-Performance Passive CW Filter .............12.31
Project: Broadcast Band Rejection Filter ......................12.35
Project: A Wave Trap for Broadcast Stations ...............12.36
Project: Second-Harmonic-Optimized LP Filters.........12.37
Project: The Diplexer Filter ............................................12.39
Chapter 13 — EMI/Direction Finding
The Scope of the Problem .................................................. 13.1
Responsibility ...................................................................... 13.2
EMC Fundamentals ............................................................. 13.3
Cures ..................................................................................... 13.5
TVI Troubleshooting Chart ................................................ 13.8
Amateur Harmonics/CATV Chart ...................................13.10
Project: Finding Shack Noise Sources ...........................13.15
Radio Direction Finding ...................................................13.17
Project: The Simple Seeker .............................................13.28
Project: Active Attenuator for VHF-FM........................13.30
Chapter 14 — Receivers and Transmitters
A Single-Stage Building Block ............................................... 14.1
Negative Feedback in RF Design ............................................ 14.4
Receiver Design Techniques ..................................................14.14
The Superheterodyne Receiver ..............................................14.20
VHF and UHF Receivers ........................................................14.34
Project: GaAsFET Preamp for 430 MHz .............................14.36
Project: Microwave Receiver for 10 GHz............................14.41
Transmitter Design .................................................................14.42
Project: A Rock-Bending Receiver for 7 MHz ...................14.61
Project: A Wideband MMIC Preamp ...................................14.64
Project: A Binaural I-Q Receiver .........................................14.66
Project: A Superregenerative Receiver with Squelch ........14.72
Project: A Broadband HF Amp using MOSFETS ...............14.74
Project: A Drift-Free VFO .....................................................14.81
Project: A Simple Regenerative HF Receiver .....................14.85
Chapter 15 — Transceivers, Transverters and Repeaters
Transceiver Example ................................................................ 15.1
Project: The Norcal Sierra—An 80-15 M CW Transceiver. 15.9
Project: A 10-Watt SSB Transceiver for 60-M Band .........15.15
Transverters .............................................................................15.19
Repeaters ..................................................................................15.20
Chapter 16 — DSP and Software Radio Design
DSP Fundamentals .................................................................... 16.1
DSP Algorithms for Radio ....................................................... 16.5
Analytic Signals and Modulation ............................................ 16.9
Digital Speech Processing ......................................................16.16
Interference-Reduction Techniques ......................................16.17
Fourier Transforms .................................................................16.19
Radio Architectures for DSP..................................................16.26
Software Radios.......................................................................16.31
Hardware for Embedded DSP Systems .................................16.32
DSP System Software .............................................................16.34
DSP Projects ............................................................................16.36
Project A: Decimation ............................................................16.36
Project B: FIR Filter Design Variations ..............................16.36
Project C: Analytic Filter Pair Generation ..........................16.39
Project D: Newton’s Method for Square Roots ...................16.39
Project E: A Fast Square-Root Algorithm ...........................16.39
Project F: A High-Performance DDS ...................................16.41
Project G: Fast Binary Multiplier in High-Speed
CMOS Logic ...................................................................16.42
Chapter 17 — Power Supplies
Glossary ........................................................................................ 17.1
Alternating-Current Power......................................................... 17.2
Rectifier Types ............................................................................ 17.4
Rectifier Circuits ......................................................................... 17.5
Filtration.....................................................................................17.11
Regulation ..................................................................................17.12
High-Voltage Techniques .........................................................17.20
Batteries and Charging .............................................................17.20
Emergency Operations..............................................................17.24
Power-Supply Projects..............................................................17.24
Project: Series-Regulated 4.5- to 25-V Supply .....................17.25
Project: 13.8-V, 40-A Switching Supply ...............................17.28
Project: 28-V, High-Current Supply .......................................17.37
Project: Commercial-Quality, High-Voltage Supply ...........17.40
Project: Micro M+ Charge Controller ....................................17.41
Project: The UPS—A Universal Supply ................................17.44
Project: A Portable Power Supply ..........................................17.46
Chapter 18 — RF Power Amplifiers
Types of Power Amplifiers ........................................................ 18.1
Design Examples .......................................................................18.19
Project: Sunnyvale / St. Petersburg kW+ Amplifier ............18.29
Project: A 6-Meter kW Amplifier ..........................................18.35
Project: A 144-MHz Amplifier ...............................................18.38
Project: A 2-Meter Brick Amp for Handhelds ......................18.43
Chapter 19 — Station Layout and Accessories
Fixed Stations .............................................................................. 19.1
Mobile and Portable Installations ...........................................19.13
Project: Tick-2—A Tiny CMOS Keyer 2...............................19.17
Project: Vintage Radio T/R Adapter.......................................19.20
Project: Quick and Easy CW with your PC ...........................19.22
Project: An Expandable Headphone Mixer............................19.25
Project: A Simple 10-Minute ID Timer .................................19.26
Project: Audio Break-Out Box ................................................19.26
Project: An SWR Detector Audio Adapter ............................19.28
Project: PC Voltmeter and SWR Bridge ................................19.29
Project: Tandem Match—An Accurate Direction
Wattmeter .............................................................................19.31
Project: Automatic Antenna Switch for Yaesu or ICOM.....19.37
Project: A Trio of Transceiver/Computer Interfaces ...........19.41
Project: Computer-Controlled Two-Radio Switchbox .........19.44
Project: TR Time-Delay Generator ........................................19.48
Project: A Switched Attenuator ..............................................19.52
Project: Simple QRP TR Changeover.....................................19.53
Project: QRP L-Match ATU .................................................... 19.54
Project: QRP T-Match ATU .................................................... 19.56
Project: An Ugly Transformer for Heavy-Load Stations .....19.57
Chapter 20 — Propagation of RF Signals
Fundamentals of Radio Waves ............................................. 20.1
Propagation Summary by Band ............................................ 20.4
MUF Prediction ....................................................................20.17
Propagation in the Troposphere .........................................20.19
Extraterrestrial Propagation................................................20.24
Chapter 21 — Transmission Lines
Basics ....................................................................................... 21.1
Matched Lines ........................................................................ 21.3
Reflections on the Smith Chart ............................................ 21.4
Matching the Antenna to the Line ......................................21.10
Matching the Line to the Transmitter ................................21.13
Loads and Balancing Devices .............................................21.14
Waveguides ...........................................................................21.17
Chapter 22 — Antennas
Antenna Polarization ............................................................. 22.1
Dipoles and the Half-Wave Antenna ................................... 22.4
Project: 135-FT Multiband Dipole ....................................22.11
Antenna Modeling by Computer ........................................22.12
Project: A 40/15-M Dual-Band Dipole .............................22.13
Project: K8SYL 75/10-M Dual-Band Dipole....................22.14
Project: W4RNL Inverted-U Antenna ...............................22.14
Project: Two W8NX Multiband, Coax-Trap Dipoles ......22.19
Vertical Antennas .................................................................22.23
Optimum Ground Systems for Vertical Antennas............22.23
Project: Dual-Band Verticals for 17/40M or 12/30M .....22.27
Inverted L and Sloper Antennas .........................................22.28
Project: 1.8-MHz Inverted L ..............................................22.29
Project: Half-Wave Vertical Dipole (HVD) .....................22.30
Project: The Compact Vertical Dipole (CVD) .................22.31
Project: All Wire 30-M CVD .............................................22.32
Yagi and Quad Directive Antennas ....................................22.33
Quad Antennas ......................................................................22.38
Project: Five-Band, Two-Element HF Quad .....................22.39
Project: Simple Quad for 40 M ..........................................22.42
Project: Simple Loop for 28 MHz .....................................22.45
HF Mobile Antennas ............................................................22.45
VHF/UHF Antennas .............................................................22.53
Project: Simple Portable Groundplane Antenna ..............22.56
Project: Dual-Band Antenna for 146/446 MHz ................22.57
Project: A Quick Antenna for 223 MHz ............................22.58
Project: An All-Copper 2-M J-Pole ...................................22.58
VHF/UHF Yagis ...................................................................22.60
Project: 3- and 5-Element Yagis for 6 M..........................22.60
Project: A Medium Gain 2-M Yagi ...................................22.61
Chapter 23 — Space Communications
An Amateur Satellite Primer ........................................................ 23.1
Amateur Satellite History ............................................................. 23.4
Phase 3E—The Next Generation ................................................ 23.13
Project: Single Brick L-Band Amplifier ................................... 23.17
Project: Double Brick L-Band Amplifier ................................. 23.17
Project: Parabolic Dish Construction ........................................ 23.28
Project: Helix Feed for an Offset Dish ..................................... 23.29
Project: Integrated AO-40 Antenna System ............................. 23.30
Glossary of Satellite Terminology ............................................. 23.34
Earth-Moon-Earth (EME) ........................................................... 23.37
Chapter 24 — Web, Wi-Fi, Wireless and PC Technology
The World Wide Web (www)—The Internet .............................. 24.1
Ham’s Guide to Useful Internet Sites .......................................... 24.2
Glossary/Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) ............................................. 24.3
Glossary of Wireless Technology ................................................ 24.4
Wireless Technology ..................................................................... 24.6
Personal Computers in the Shack ............................................... 24.10
Mode-Specific Software .............................................................. 24.12
Chapter 25 — Test Procedures
Test and Measurement Basics....................................................... 25.1
DC Instruments and Circuits......................................................... 25.3
AC Instruments and Circuits......................................................... 25.8
Project: The Microwatter ............................................................ 25.11
Frequency Measurement ............................................................. 25.14
Project: Marker Generator with Selectable Output ................. 25.15
Project: A Dip Meter with Digital Display............................... 25.17
Other Instruments and Measurements ....................................... 25.20
Project: A Wide-Range Audio Oscillator ................................. 25.20
Project: Measure Inductance and Capacitance with a DVM .. 25.21
Oscilloscopes ................................................................................ 25.22
Project: HF Adapter for Narrow Bandwidth Scopes................ 25.27
Project: A Calibrated Noise Source ........................................... 25.27
Project: Signal Generator for Receiver Testing ....................... 25.31
Project: Hybrid Combiners for Signal Generators .................. 25.34
Project: Compensated Modular RF Voltmeter ......................... 25.35
Receiver Performance Tests ....................................................... 25.41
Transmitter Performance Tests .................................................. 25.49
Chapter 26 — Troubleshooting and Repair
Safety First ...................................................................................... 26.1
Where to Begin ............................................................................... 26.5
Testing within a Stage ................................................................... 26.9
Look for the Obvious ................................................................... 26.11
Typical Symptoms and Faults..................................................... 26.12
Troubleshooting Hints ................................................................. 26.17
After the Repairs .......................................................................... 26.27
Professional Repairs .................................................................... 26.28
